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  • Props for towing

    This subject have been talked about before, but I would like to re-open the discussion if anyone is still interested.

    Back in the day I used to tow with a G-62 powered tug. The standard prop for me was a Menz 24x10 which enabled me to tow most 1:3 scale single seat gliders without much trouble.
    Doing a bit of thinking led me to conclude, that using a 26x8 prop instead would make it an even more powerful tug, but to my surprise I found that the power available was even lower than before. I had to climb at a much shallower angle to prevent going way too slow and stalling out.
    After this experiment I went back to the 24x10 prop.

    Years later, last year to be specific, I designed and built a new towplane. This was powered by a King 140 boxer known for it´s low rpm torque .
    Most people use a 32x10 prop on this engine, and when installed in a Frisch 1:3 scale Wilga, a SEP 32x10 WIIIIIIDE blade "Wilga" prop is more or less standard.

    I also own a Moki 250 radial, and on this engine most people recommend props with 16-22" pitch to prevent overspeeding the engine, and I decided to try the same approach with the King 140.
    The first flights was performed with either a 3W 32x12x2 or the previously mentioned SEP Wilga 32x10x2. These props would spin 5.000 and 4.600 rpm respectively, and I found the performance to be average at best. A lot of noise and no real work being done.

    I then tried a Fiala 30x16x2 prop, spinning about 5.300 rpm, and the tug was transformed to a very powerful towplane.
    With this prop I could tow even very heavy and draggy gliders at a steep angle without running out of airspeed, and when plugging the numbers into the late Pé Reivers prop calculator I noticed that, in theory, I would have about 4 kg (+33%) more thrust at 70 km/h, which is a good towing speed in my experience.
    The theroretical static thrust of the high pitch Fiala prop is lower than the 3W 32x12x2, but as soon as the airspeed reaches 20 km/h the Fiala starts to outpull the 3W. This was also very noticeable in real life.

    This was a very long intro, but I would be interested in hearing if anyone else have been doing similar experiments, or if most people just stick to the "standard" size props.

    My own experiments have been very convincing and I have just ordered a Fiala 28x16x3 in an attempt to lower the noise a bit. The Fiala 2-blade is quite "rippy", and at most of the fields I fly at, I´m not able to use full power without busting the noise limits. With the 3-blade I hope to get below the normal limit of 94 dB measured at 3 meters.
    Regards
    Tinus

  • #2
    Hi Tinus,

    Great topic... I'm glad you started it.

    Jim D and I were having this very conversation this weekend at an aerotow event (during the snow storm) and I'm betting he is typing as I am right now.
    Anyway.. I'll let him talk about his recent findings, however its important to keep the RPM's up on most of the motors we use. Going with a smaller diameter will allow the prop to spin faster and the motor to reach its potential.

    With three blade props, ( which I use most of the time due to noise concerns ) you will loose some performance. There's no way around it. But you save the flying field.
    The other advantage to a three blade prop if you must use it is the braking action you get from the extra blade. The dive back to the runway to pick up the next sailplane can be much steeper with a three blade without picking up speed..

    Len
    Len Buffinton
    Team Horizon Hobby

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    • #3
      It is unfortunate that so little effort is put into optimizing our engines for lower rpm I think. That would make it easier to comply with a set noise limit, as any 30-32" prop at 6K is bound to be noisy.
      Luckily the King is equipped with a rotary valve induction, and it´s my understanding, that this is what enables it to be efficient at low rpm. Most people recommend not to exceed 5.000 to 5.200 rpm on the ground, and many engines are run successfully at rpm´s much lower than that.

      Speaking of breaking action. This could be a concern when running high pitch props as they will often keep the model flying at a few clicks above idle, so a low idle, 7-800 rpm plus large flaps are needed to get down.

      The SEP 32x10 on the other hand is a literal handbrake.... Even a vertical dive from 200 m above the treshold demands that I give a burst of throttle just before the flair. Otherwise the tug will stall right onto the runway.

      But even if you have to run your engine at higher rpm than mine, I still believe that you would benefit from a higher pitch, as this makes it easier to keep the speed up during the tow.
      14-16" at 6K rpm should work very well I think.

      The biggest problem I see in experimenting with this, is the lack of suitable propellers. Most manufactures only provides props with 8-12" pitch which might be good for 3D, but unsuitable, in my opinion, for towing.
      I primarily use Fiala, which is a wooden prop made in the Czech Republic. They are available in any size you want.
      Also SEP in Germany sells props that are outside the normal size range, and these are often used on geared engines since you then have to use even higher pitch to get good performance.
      Regards
      Tinus

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      • #4
        Okay, Gunny... start working on an RC version adjustable pitch prop! I wonder if helicopter swash plate mechanics could be adapted? Steve Wittman used 'scimitar' or curved props for his racers. They would flex at low indicated air speed and as speed increased they would 'unflex' thus increase pitch to, again, increase air speed. Are there any similar 'scimitar' designs for model airplane use?

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        • #5
          A constant speed prop would absolutely be the best option. Max thrust at takeoff, and high pitch at speed. The best of both worlds, as is also the case for full size aircraft.

          I have heard of experiments made for models, but none, to my knowledge, have been very successful, mainly due to the high forces needed to change the pitch of a spinning propeller.
          2 or more high torque servos ganged together to control the pitch is not ideal.

          But lately hydraulic systems for retracts, folding wings and such have been developed, and maybe these systems have enough power to control a propeller too. We just need someone to design a workable hub at an affordable price... :-) Solo, and other manufactures, already sells propeller blades for manual adjustable pitch systems.
          Regards
          Tinus

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          • #6
            Below is a table for FALCON Carbon Fiber 3B propellers for multiple engine sizes. This might help get you in the park with prop selection. I got this from our local FALCON prop distributor. It shows rpm and kg of thrust. Multiply kg x 2.2 will give you thrust in lbs.
            DA70CC(Twin) DA 100CC DA 120CC DA 150CC DLE 170CC DA 200CC DLE 222CC
            D3-21X11
            D3-22X11
            D3-22X12 6500rpm/18.1kg
            D3-23X10
            D3-23X12
            D3-24X10 6770rpm/23.5kg
            D3-24X11 6550rpm/23.4kg
            D3-25X11 6720rpm/28.2kg
            D3-25X12 6550rpm/28.1kg
            D3-25X13
            D3-26X12 6150rpm/28.0kg
            D3-27.5X12
            D3-28X12 5790rpm/33.3kg 5900rpm/35.7kg 6530rpm/40.4kg
            D3-28X13 5650rpm/33.3kg 5710rpm/34.7kg 6280rpm/40.0kg
            D3-28X14 5570rpm/33.4kg 6010rpm/39.5kg
            D3-28.5X12
            D3-28.5X13 5510rpm/33.2kg 5550rpm/34.3kg 6020rpm/40.2kg
            D3-29X12 5500rpm/34.8kg 5650rpm/35.4kg 6160rpm/40.3kg
            D3-29X13 5490rpm/36.0kg 5780rpm/41.5kg 5930rpm/41.9kg
            D3-29X14 5390rpm/36.1kg 5650rpm/41.0kg 5790rpm/42.1kg
            D3-30X12 5480rpm/38.1kg 5640rpm/42.1kg 5800rpm/43.4kg
            D3-30X13 5230rpm/37.0kg 5520rpm/41.3kg 5690rpm/43.2kg
            Last edited by kd4jaz; 12-08-2020, 12:22 AM.

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